Marketing (Buyer Behaviour) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Promoting (Buyer Behavior) - Essay Example t will furnish the business administrators with adequate data in regards to the systems utilized by HP and Dell as far as having the option to viably impact the purchasing conduct of its objective customers. Established in 1939 by Bill and Dave (HP, 2008a), Hewlett-Packard (HP) figures out how to develop as the main PC producer in the worldwide markets. Today, HP works in excess of 170 nations everywhere throughout the world. Dell was established by Michael Dell in 1984. (Dell, 2008a) Since at that point, the organization stays concentrated on tending to the particular needs of the clients when buying a PC framework. Dell’s vital choice to infiltrate the worldwide markets in 1987 (Dell, 2008b) empowered the organization to get one of the greatest PC producers today. Explicitly in Australian market, HP and Dell had the option to catch the greatest pieces of the overall industry with 21% and 15% separately. (Tung, 2008) (See Appendix I †Market Shares of Major Computer Manufacturers in Australia on page 11) Under the Needs and Wants, conversation will concentrate on deciding the buyers’ conduct on these two significant convenient PC producers, an unmistakable market section and the particular needs and needs of the customers as far as utilizing the two marked workstations will be distinguished. In the end, the various systems utilized in persuading buyers to buy both of these two items just as the perspectives or consumers’ inclinations concerning these brands will be talked about. The last piece of the report will handle the effect of consumers’ social class on how advertisers can speak with them including how the promoting specialized strategies utilized may have influence the consumers’ discernment on these items. Between September ___ to ___ of year 2008, a sum of 100 statistical surveying overview polls will be disseminated to an aggregate of 100 PC proprietors who are living in Australia. (See Appendix II †Market Research Survey Questionnaire on page 12) Beside leading a

Civilian Oversight and the LAPD free essay sample

Advertisements Exploiting Children Free Essays

Are current acts of promoting to kids exploitative? What limitations ought to be set on promoting to kids? As of not long ago, guardians had been the expected objective crowd for publicizing endeavors focused on offspring of youthful age gatherings. Anyway it is presently the youngsters who have become the primary core interest. The development in publicizing channels arriving at kids and the privatization of children’s media use have brought about an emotional increment in promoting straightforwardly proposed for the eyes and ears of youngsters (Wilcox et al. We will compose a custom article test on Commercials Exploiting Children or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now 2004). It is evaluated that sponsors spend more than $12 billion every year on the adolescent market with in excess of 40,000 ads every year. The present acts of publicizing to little youngsters unquestionably abuse their absence of comprehension and perception of the point of publicizing and advancement of items. In the mid 1970’s, The Federal Communications Commission initially set out to boycott all publicizing that was focused on small kids, anyway wound up agreeing to an increasingly merciful proposition of constraining the measure of time promotions were disclosed inside children’s projects and set up specific limitations to do with promoting rehearses (Wilcox et al. 2004). Studies have indicated that the age scope of 8-multi year olds burn through $30 billion straightforwardly and impact $700 billion on family going through every year. This can be ascribed to a generally high degree to the way that 46% of 5-multi year olds observe over 20 hours of TV for each week with countless TV advertisements demonstrated every year (Neil 2012). Neil (2012) cites that a kid who watches 4 hours of TV for every day over a multi week occasion period would have seen a sum of 649 low quality nourishment promotions including 404 commercials for quick nourishments; 135 notices for soda pops; and 44 for dessert items. Until as of late, promoters saw kids around and under the age gathering of 8 as beyond reach when it came to publicizing targets. Be that as it may, industry rehearses have now evolved and make for more prominent degrees old enough specialty publicizing (Wilcox et al. 2004). Alongside this development in showcasing endeavors, there has become a quick increment in the utilization mental information and research to viably advertise items to small kids. A case of this incorporates an examination that was explicitly intended to figure out which system best incited kids to annoy their folks to purchase the promoted item (Wilcox et al. 004). Misuse alludes to exploiting something you shouldn’t exploit. Corresponding to promotions, publicists are exploiting children’s absence of comprehension, their blamelessness and their defenselessness to influence (Neil 2012). Little youngsters will in general be especially defenseless against publicizing as they don't completely comprehend the aim of sponsors and the way toward making a promotion (Gunter, Oates Blades 2005). Youngsters are not brought into the world with any information on monetary frameworks with their consciousness of publicizing and advertising growing just bit by bit sometime down the road. Grown-ups too can be affected by a promotion, which is the explanation behind advertisements all in all, however they can decipher the messages with regards to the advertisers’ expectations to keep them from being misused, not normal for youngsters (Gunter, Oates Blades 2005). Neil (2012) states that kids up to the age of 4 see promotions simply as amusement, advancing to accept notices give data at ages 6-7. At ages 7-8 they despite everything can't recognize data and plan to convince and once they arrive at 10-12 years they can comprehend the intentions and points of promoting however are as yet incapable to clarify deals procedures. The Australian Communications and Media Authority (2007) clarify that publicists may make commercials that intrigue to a child’s psychological capacities. Research was led that shows distinctive age bunches react contrastingly to formal boosts in business, for instance hues draw in more youthful youngsters while message content pulls in more seasoned kids. This uses influence of children’s psychological advancement to lure the acquisition of the item. Moreover inquire about on the language of notices, while used to advance items, might be deliberately built to confound more youthful kids at lower levels of psychological turn of events. Basic connection explore in the US shows that youngsters ordinarily matured 2-6 years who see more TV publicizing demand more items from their folks. This is known as annoy power. It has been discovered that guardians are bound to purchase items when children request them in the shop (bother factor). As youngsters age, they build up the intellectual ability to contextualize and act fundamentally on the perceptions made, decreasing the measure of solicitations for items (Australian Communications and Media Authority, 2007). Youngsters who are presented to TV plugs for toys not just build up the underlying thought for the toy yet over and again irritate their folks to get it. This is misuse for the arents’ benefit as it frequently causes parent-kid strife when the guardians deny their youngsters the item (Wilcox et al. 2004). Another alarming issue identifying with youngster promoting abuse is regarding food advertisements. Half of the commercials in the UK coordinated at youngsters concern food. There are little advertisements underscoring smart dieting and since the beginning of TV publicizing, the biggest extent of promotions focused on kids has consis tently been unfortunate food items (Gunter, Oates Blades 2005). The Australian Communications and Media Authority (2007) itemized the New South Wales Department of Health content examination which found that 43% of all food publicizing was for high fat/high sugar nourishments and 36% was for center nourishments, (for example, breads, pasta). Also, around 48% of food publicizing in times characterized by the examination as ‘children’s seeing times’ was for high fat/high sugar nourishments. Therefore, kids become befuddled and think about undesirable nourishments to really be sound. Toys aren’t as questionable as they don’t show indistinguishable wellbeing suggestions from do cheap food advertisements. Be that as it may, exaggerating how great a toy is, or introducing deluding data is deceptive as youngsters can't appreciate a few messages. The composition on the screen about divulgences rush to peruse or even comprehend as a grown-up, not to mention a little youngster (Gunter, Oates Blades 2005). Wilcox et al. (2004) shows the abusing idea of publicists with regards to tobacco and liquor. An assortment of studies show a considerable connection between children’s survey of these items in advertisements and uplifting mentalities toward utilization of such items. The investigations infer that promoting of tobacco and liquor adds to youth smoking and drinking. Characters from motion pictures and TV programs frequently draw in children’s consideration with look into showing that the utilization of reality or energized characters is emphatically connected with memory and perspectives toward items and can possibly befuddle youngsters as they don't understand they are getting paid for the notice so it is likely it’s not authentic advancement of an item (Gunter, Oates Blades 2005). Another stunt that promoters use is on the BBC. BBC programs are â€Å"non-commercial† yet a portion of the projects have been explicitly intended to incorporate items guided at kids to make it harder for youngsters to perceive when they are being focused by advertisers. This shows a negative change in children’s promoting. Self-perception is another significant part of youthful children’s lives as they are powerless against their mental self view (Gunter, Oates Blades 2005). Ads utilize appealing individuals to sell items which fortify the weights on youngsters to fit in with the beliefs of magnificence that are hard or close to difficult to accomplish. Showcasing of eating less junk food items along these lines claim to small kids as of late including elementary younger students. At present there are guidelines set up that have been executed under the Children’s Television Standards in 1990, authorized by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal. These incorporate setting impediments on the communicate of commercials during ‘Children School Age’ programs (no advertisement more than twice quickly) and ‘Preschool Age’ programs (no promotions by any stretch of the imagination). Additionally, no deceptive or misleading promotions, no undue weight on youngsters to request that their folks purchase something or any unsatisfactory material including liquor and cigarette advertisements, or disparaging/racists/misogynist and so on. ads(Australian Communications and Media Authority 2007). To advance these guidelines, numerous suggestions have been made. Wilcox et al (2004) recommended that while it is difficult to shield this age bunch from all business introduction, it is basic to limit endeavors made by publicists to concentrate principally, if not solely, on this particularly powerless segment of society. They likewise express that publicizing disclaimers utilized in advertisements be expressed in a language that youngsters can peruse and comprehend and be appeared in both visual and audial settings in a period length that is helpful for perusing, hearing and understanding. For instance, expressing â€Å"You need to put it together† rather than â€Å"Partial gathering required† in toy advertisements. Gunter, Oates and Blades (2005) bring up that sponsors as a rule contend against any expansion of guidelines, asserting that small kids, even from the age of 3, make them comprehend of publicizing. On the off chance that this is in this way, it isn't sufficient. A child’s acknowledgment of notices isn't equivalent to a child’s comprehension of their powerful plan. Some contend that as opposed to broadening re

Women Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship free essay sample

It is seen that ladies business person systems are significant wellsprings of information about women’s enterprise and they are progressively perceived as an important apparatus for its turn of events and advancement. Of the 1. 3 billion individuals who live in total destitution around the world, 70 percent are ladies  work 66% of the world’s working hours; Women gain just 10 percent of the world’s salary. Ladies own under 1 percent of the world’s property. .Prologue to Entrepreneurship was recently viewed as obscure nature of an individual and thus it was accepted that business people are conceived and not made. In any case, late examinations have demonstrated that Entrepreneurial exercises can be arranged and created in a person through making of chances, expanded Facilities, Allowing Incentives, Developing Competence and gathering affectability in a person for every one of those elements Entrepreneurship is a social marvel and it isn't inalienable inside an individual, rather it exists in the collaboration between individuals. We will compose a custom article test on Ladies Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It mirrors a beam of trust in the jobless to gain a living and keep up a stately life and furthermore for the monetary advancement of the nation. Our vision of rising as a superpower by 2020 will rotate vitally on Entrepreneurial shoulders. Equivalent open door among people from the point of view of business is as yet not a reality. Ladies are the equivalent recipients to the preferences offered by innovation, and the items and procedures, which are by result of the innovation use. Be that as it may, it ought not be restricted to world class gathering of society yet to stream to different fragments of ladies in Indian culture. The investigation needed to think about framework (social, conservative, instructive, and so forth accessible to various portions of the ladies and social opportunity and openings in provincial and urban territories. The pertinence may welcome government intercession to stop advanced separation among ladies and furthermore to greater strengthening for ladies with Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use. 1 2. Strengthening for ladies with Information and Communication Technology (ICT)2 Women ar e the equivalent recipients to the points of interest offered by innovation, and the items and procedures, which are by result of the innovation use. Be that as it may, it ought not be limited to tip top gathering of society yet to stream to different sections of ladies in Indian culture. The investigation needed to think about foundation (social, efficient, instructive, and so on) accessible to various sections of the ladies and social opportunity and openings in provincial and urban regions. The pertinence may welcome government intercession to stop computerized partition among ladies and furthermore to greater strengthening for ladies with ICT use. - 1. niccd. nic. in 2. Ladies Empowerment through Entrepreneurship in India Suman Agrawal a. The Need ICT For Women

Square Pharma Ltd

SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED Mission Our Mission is to create and give quality and imaginative human services help for individuals, keep up rigidly moral standard in business activity likewise guaranteeing advantage to the investors, partners and the general public on the loose. Vision We see business as a way to the material and social prosperity of the speculators, workers and the general public everywhere, prompting gradual addition of riches through money related and moral gains as a piece of the procedure of the human development. ObjectivesOur goals are to direct straightforward business activity dependent on showcase system inside the legitimate and social structure with intends to accomplish the mission reflected by our vision. Worldwide Pharmaceutical Industry Overview T he pharmaceutical industry of the world creates and markets prescriptions endorsed for patients by clinical professionals. The U. S. , U. K and European pharmaceutical organizations are the significant one s of the business. The all out number of significant pharmaceutical organizations overall is assessed to be about 50.The worldwide pharmaceutical industry recorded yearly income of $830 billion of every 2010 with a solid development pace of around 5 to 6 percent. While the pharmaceutical business in locales like Latin America, Europe and Japan are developing at a consistent rate (which is more are less equivalent to that of the general business), the creating districts like China and India are recording relating development in twofold figures. Industry analysts’ foresee that the pharmaceutical market would reach $1. 1 trillion by2015 with the normal development pace of around 7 percent.Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical Industry Overview T he Bangladesh pharmaceutical market in 2004 remained at roughly US $ 560 million, which was exceptionally little when contrasted with the populace base of the nation, which at present remained at around 140 million. Toâ put this number on an appropriate point of view, the all out worldwide pharmaceutical deal in 2004 was $430 billion. This is relied upon to develop at 8. 1% to about $530 billion out of 2005. Anyway today, the pharmaceutical organizations in Bangladesh are one of the quickest developing segments in the nation.Prior to post-freedom, the Multinational organizations used to rule the market yet today this circumstance has been totally switched. Presently roughly 80% of the local pharmaceutical need is met by the nearby organizations. In 2010, the all out size of the pharma market of Bangladesh was evaluated to be USD 100bn with a yearly development pace of around 24. 58%, which has the most elevated yearly development on the planet. With high development rates and expanding interest for items both locally and abroad Bangladesh’s Pharmaceutical Industry is presently heading towards self-sufficiency.Eventually pharmaceutical industry got an event to post a development above 20% in 2010. Fig. Developm ent Rate in Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Industry SQUARE PHARMACEUTICALS: COMPANY PROFILE Company Name| Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd| Corporate Headquarters| Square Center48, Mohakhali, C/ADhaka-1212BangladeshPhone: + 880 28316323Mobile: + 880 01670507907Fax: + 880 29348365â | Factory Premises| Plot # 18, Main Road, Section # 9Kaliakoir, GazipurPhone: +880 2 8924240Fax No: +880 2 8316323| Founded| January 1, 1958|Scope of the Business| Manufacturing and showcasing of pharmaceutical drugs| Board of Directors| Samson H Chowdhury Founder and Ex-ChairmanSamuel H Chowdhury Managing DirectorTapan Chowdhury Managing Director/DirectorJahanara Chowdhury DirectorKazi Harunur Rashid DirectorKazi Iqbal Harun Director| Number of Employees| 400| Associated Bank| Janata Bank1, Dilkusha C/ADhaka-1000| Associated Auditor| Andrew Gomes and Co. | Authorized Capital| 1,000, 000,000 TK| Issued and Outstanding Shares| 10,000,000 TK|Brief Company History S quare Pharmaceuticals Limited, one of the pieces of S quare Group, the fundamental lead of this specific gathering of organizations, is holding the solid initiative situation in the pharmaceutical business of Bangladesh since 1985 and is currently headed to turning into a superior worldwide player. The organization was established in 1958 by Samson H. Chowdhury alongside three of his companions as a private firm. It opened up to the world in 1991 and is right now recorded on the Dhaka Stock Exchange. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. the leader organization, is holding the solid administration position in the pharmaceutical business of Bangladesh since 1985 and it has been persistently in the primary situation among all national and worldwide organizations since 1985. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is presently en route to turning into a superior worldwide player. They named the organization ‘SQUARE’ on the grounds that it was begun by four companions and furthermore on the grounds that it connotes exactness and flawlessness meanin g quality† as they submitted in assembling quality products.Now, that little organization of 1958 is an openly recorded enhanced gathering of organizations utilizing in excess of 28,000 individuals. The present yearly gathering turnover is 616 million USD. In the cutting edge serious market, SQUARE today is a name known in the Pharmaceutical world, yet in addition known as an image of value based shopper item. All these were conceivable because of the imaginative thoughts, indefatigable endeavors, constancy and devotion with fearlessness of its administration and workforce, which added to their effective achievements.Under a powerful authority, SQUARE is set to proceed with its encouraging all around. Destinations: 1. Discovering the working capital administration of the organization by deciding the connection between the present resources and current liabilities. 2. Talking about bank, account holder, stock and money the board of the organization to show whether they are prod uctive in dealing with these. 3. To distinguish the money related qualities and shortcoming of the organization with the assistance of various proportions. 4. Through the net benefit proportion and other gainfulness proportion, comprehend the productivity of the organization. 5.Evaluating company’s execution identifying with fiscal report examination. Extension The administration of working capital encourages us to keep up the working capital at an agreeable level by dealing with the present resources and current liabilities. It additionally assists with keeping up legitimate harmony between productivity, hazard and liquidity of the business altogether. By dealing with the working capital, current liabilities are paid in time. In the event that the firm makes installment to its lenders for crude material in time, it can have the accessibility of crude material consistently, which doesn't cause any deterrents underway process.Adequate working capital increments paying limit of the business however the abundance working capital causes more stock, builds the chance of deferral in acknowledgment of obligations. Then again, nonappearance of sufficient working capital prompts decline consequently on speculation. The generosity of the firm is additionally unfavorably influenced because of the failure to pay current liabilities in time. Thus, the administration of working capital assists with dealing with all the variables influencing the working capital in the most productive way. Methodology:Primary information assortment We didn't utilize any essential information assortment strategy, for example, taking meetings of office work force. Auxiliary information assortment For this report we have gathered our information for the most part from the yearly report. We have directed the report dependent on 6 years money related report of Square Pharmaceuticals from 2005 to 2010. In our report we demonstrated working capital administration under which we indicated lend er, borrower, stock and money the executives. We accepting information from various sites just as our course book for important data. Organization OrganogramThe by and large administration and administration of the organization is vested in the Board of Directors. Since the end of the author and administrator of the organization Mr. Samson H Chowdhury, the firm’s everyday tasks are currently being controlled by his child Mr. Tapan H Chowdhury. He is bolstered by a gathering of exceptionally qualified experts. The essential structure for the Board of Directors for the organization are given beneath, The top managerial staff is then answerable for recruiting a CEO and a supervisory group whose obligation will be to deal with the every day tasks of Square Pharmaceuticals.SWOT Analysis Strengths * Establishing solid circulation divert through diversifying both in nearby and universal market. * | Weakness * Obsolescence of current innovation utilized in pharmaceutical plants * Dep endency on imports of crude materials from outside markets| Opportunity * Building solid brand picture of a pharmaceutical organization, that can be conveyed to the worldwide market * Opportunity to develop in the nearby market just as the global market; tremendous un-caught advertise in Africa. Dangers * Any unfavorable change in the Government Drug Policy and Import Policy * Restrictions from the Department of Environment on plant offices in Pabna. | WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT Working Capital Management Working capital is the cash required for running everyday business of a firm. Subsequently, it is the life saver of any business concern. The fundamental topic of working capital administration is to offer satisfactory help for smooth and effective working of ordinary everyday business by striking a tradeoff between the three components of working capital; liquidity, gainfulness and hazard (Sur and Chakroborty, 2011).Excessive working capital prompts inefficient utilization of rare assets and insufficient working capital interferes with the smooth progression of business movement and productivity. The parity designation of working capital assets between inventories, book obligations and different segments of working capital is a vital stage in Working Capital Management. As indicated by Harris (2005) Working capital administration is a basic and direct idea of guaranteeing the capacity of the firm to finance the distinction between the momentary resources and transient liabilities.Nevertheless, a total and mean methodology is wanted to cover the entirety of a company’s exercises identified with sellers, client and produc

The Health Benefits Having One Smoke-Free Year

The Health Benefits Having One Smoke-Free Year Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print The Health Benefits Having One Smoke-Free Year By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on November 17, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 21, 2020 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. At one year smoke-free, ex-smokers hit an important milestone related to the health benefits of quitting smoking: The excess risk of coronary heart disease drops to half that of current smokers.?? Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States today, and its one of the leading causes of smoking-related death for smokers, too.?? Toxins in cigarette smoke cause damage  to your heart in a number of ways. Carbon monoxide  reduces the amount of oxygen that gets to the heart. Smoking increases your blood pressure and heart rate, both of which are hard on your heart, and the chemicals in cigarettes contribute to atherosclerosis, also known as hardening of the arteries.?? If you smoke, quitting is the absolute best thing you can do for your heart and for your health overall. The Biggest Smoking Risk Isnt Lung Disease Give Yourself the Benefit of a Full Year to Quit Smoking Once you decide to quit, youll likely be impatient to be free of smoking cessation tactics. You want to reach a state of mind where cigarettes no longer hold any importance. While this should be the goal, and its definitely achievable, give yourself some time to heal from the many associations that have built up between smoking and daily life over the years. Relax and take the time you need to recover from nicotine addiction. Dont stress if you suddenly crave a smoke months after quitting. Old programming in our brains get triggered now and then, but the more practice you get with smoke-free living, the less often  errant thoughts of smoking will pop up. Why the Benefits of Quitting Continue to Grow Over Time If youve put a year between you and the last cigarette you smoked, congratulations!  The benefits of the positive choices youve made will continue to grow as you move forward from here. Smoking affects who we are more than most of us realize. On an emotional level, quitting tobacco is similar to peeling back the layers of an onion to find the person you were meant to be before addiction stepped into your life. What You Can Expect at Two Years Smoke-Free Your chance of achieving long-term success with smoking cessation increases significantly after two years. Statistics tell us that 80 out of 100 people who stay smoke-free for two years never smoke again. Also, at around two to five years, your risk of stroke is the same as a non-smokers. Why Its Important to Get Support Statistics tell us that only about half of those who quit  smoking  remain smoke-free at the end of their first year.?? However, with support, the odds are much improved. Fortify your quit program by connecting with others who are  going through what you are, whether its online, with  counseling, by joining a group, or by quitting with your partner or friend. If youre thinking about quitting smoking, there is no time like the present to get started. Change begins with a single first step. Stop just thinking about quitting, and start taking action. Throw the cigarettes away, and start your quit today. How Your Body Heals After You Quit Smoking

ACT English Grammar Rules Verb Formation

In ACT English grammar, it’s especially important to pay attention to verbs. The ACT likes to focus on verbs because high school and first-year college students often make verb-related mistakes in their own writing. ACT English tests those mistakes, and your score will show schools whether you are below or above average when it comes to skills in written grammar. Below are a few verb-related grammar rules that can help you score well in ACT English and demonstrate your English ability to prospective universities. ACT Verb Tip 1: Verb Tenses in a Passage Should Show Parallelism Unless there is a specific reason to change the tenses of verbs in a passage (such as a shift form describing past events to describing present or future ones), verb tense should be consistent in an ACT English passage. Be prepared to spot and correct mistakes such as â€Å"The noodles are produced on a large automated assembly line and then were put into boxes.† Are is present tense, were is past tense, and the verbs need to be changed to just one tense so that the structure is parallel. Which verb you choose to change depends on the greater context in the passage. For verbs as well as other grammatical forms, parallelism is quite important in ACT English. For more advice on this feature of writing and how it relates to the forms of words, check out Kristin’s parallelism post here on the blog. ACT Verb Tip 2: Singular Verbs Are Formed Differently Than Plural Verbs If a subject is singular, than the verb describing the subject’s action will have singular form. You probably already know that this usually means adding an â€Å"s† to the end of the verb. So for example the singular verb for know is knows, as in â€Å"he knows about that.† Also, the plural verb of â€Å"know† would be the bare form of the verb, with no added  ­Ã¢â‚¬Å"s†, as in â€Å"they know about that.† For verbs with certain consonant endings, an â€Å"es† is added (catch/catches, splash/splashes) but the basic principle is the same. For past-tense verbs, there aren’t alternate singular and plural forms. You’d use the same form for â€Å"he knew that already† and â€Å"they knew that already.† The same goes for future tense verbs. You can say â€Å"they will know something† or â€Å"he will know something.† Bear this in mind as you scan for plural/singular verb errors in ACT English, if you’re dealing with past or future tense verbs you don’t need to check for those kinds of mistakes. Unless you’re dealing with forms of the root verb to be. The plural and singular forms of the root verb to be are all irregular, and there are different singular and plural forms in the past tense (were/was) as well as present tense (am/is). The â€Å"bare† form be is used in future tense with no plural/singular variations, so you can still ignore future tense for to be when you are scanning for proper singular and plural verb forms. Plural and singular verb forms are tested extensively in ACT English. You can find additional rules about this kind of verb formation here (ACT English Grammar Rules: Singular and Plural Forms).